president clinton:
thank you. thank you, president chen, chairmen ren, vice president chi, vice minister wei. we are delighted to be here today with a very large american delegation, including the first lady and our daughter, who is a student at stanford, one of the schools with which beijing university has a relationship. we have six members of the united states congress; the secretary of state; secretary of commerce; the secretary of agriculture; the chairman of our council of economic advisors; senator sasser, our ambassador; the national security advisor and my chief of staff, among others. i say that to illustrate the importance that the united states places on our relationship with china.
i would like to begin by congratulating all of you, the students, the faculty, the administrators, on celebrating the centennial year of your university. gongxi, beida. (applause.)
as i'm sure all of you know, this campus was once home to yenching university which was founded by american missionaries. many of its wonderful buildings were designed by an american architect. thousands of americans students and professors have come here to study and teach. we feel a special kinship with you.
i am, however, grateful that this day is different in one important respect from another important occasion 79 years ago. in june of 1919, the first president of yenching university, john leighton stuart, was set to deliver the very first commencement address on these very grounds. at the appointed hour, he appeared, but no students appeared. they were all out leading the may 4th movement for china's political and cultural renewal. when i read this, i hoped that when i walked into the auditorium today, someone would be sitting here. and i thank you for being here, very much. (applause.)
over the last 100 years, this university has grown to more than 20,000 students. your graduates are spread throughout china and around the world. you have built the largest university library in all of asia. last year, 20 percent of your graduates went abroad to study, including half of your math and science majors. and in this anniversary year, more than a million people in china, asia, and beyond have logged on to your web site. at the dawn of a new century, this university is leading china into the future.
i come here today to talk to you, the next generation of china's leaders, about the critical importance to your future of building a strong partnership between china and the united states.
the american people deeply admire china for its thousands of years of contributions to culture and religion, to philosophy and the arts, to science and technology. we remember well our strong partnership in world war ii. now we see china at a moment in history when your glorious past is matched by your present sweeping transformation and the even greater promise of your future.
just three decades ago, china was virtually shut off from the world. now, china is a member of more than 1,000 international organizations -- enterprises that affect everything from air travel to agricultural development. you have opened your nation to trade and investment on a large scale. today, 40,000 young chinese study in the united states, with hundreds of thousands more learning in asia, africa, europe, and latin america.
your social and economic transformation has been even more remarkable, moving from a closed command economic system to a driving, increasingly market-based and driven economy, generating two decades of unprecedented growth, giving people greater freedom to travel within and outside china, to vote in village elections, to own a home, choose a job, attend a better school. as a result you have lifted literally hundreds of millions of people from poverty. per capita income has more than doubled in the last decade. most chinese people are leading lives they could not have imagined just 20 years ago.
of course, these changes have also brought disruptions in settled patterns of life and work, and have imposed enormous strains on your environment. once every urban chinese was guaranteed employment in a state enterprise. now you must compete in a job market. once a chinese worker had only to meet the demands of a central planner in beijing. now the global economy means all must match the quality and creativity of the rest of the world. for those who lack the right training and skills and support, this new world can be daunting.
in the short-term, good, hardworking people -- some, at least will find themselves unemployed. and, as all of you can see, there have been enormous environmental and economic and health care costs to the development pattern and the energy use pattern of the last 20 years -- from air pollution to deforestation to acid rain and water shortage.
in the face of these challenges new systems of training and social security will have to be devised, and new environmental policies and technologies will have to be introduced with the goal of growing your economy while improving the environment. everything i know about the intelligence, the ingenuity, the enterprise of the chinese people and everything i have heard these last few days in my discussions with president jiang, prime minister zhu and others give me confidence that you will succeed.
as you build a new china, america wants to build a new relationship with you. we want china to be successful, secure and open, working with us for a more peaceful and prosperous world. i know there are those in china and the united states who question whether closer relations between our countries is a good thing. but everything all of us know about the way the world is changing and the challenges your generation will face tell us that our two nations will be far better off working together than apart.
the late deng xiaoping counseled us to seek truth from facts. at the dawn of the new century, the facts are clear. the distance between our two nations, indeed, between any nations, is shrinking. where once an american clipper ship took months to cross from china to the united states. today, technology has made us all virtual neighbors. from laptops to lasers, from microchips to megabytes, an information revolution is lighting the landscape of human knowledge, bringing us all closer together. ideas, information, and money cross the planet at the stroke of a computer key, bringing with them extraordinary opportunities to create wealth, to prevent and conquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different cultures.
but we also know that this greater openness and faster change mean that problems which start beyond one nations borders can quickly move inside them -- the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the threats of organized crime and drug trafficking, of environmental degradation, and severe economic dislocation. no nation can isolate itself from these problems, and no nation can solve them alone. we, especially the younger generations of china and the united states, must make common cause of our common challenges, so that we can, together, shape a new century of brilliant possibilities.
in the 21st century -- your century -- china and the united states will face the challenge of security in asia. on the korean peninsula, where once we were adversaries, today we are working together for a permanent peace and a future freer of nuclear weapons.
on the indian subcontinent, just as most of the rest of the world is moving away from nuclear danger, india and pakistan risk sparking a new arms race. we are now pursuing a common strategy to move india and pakistan away from further testing and toward a dialogue to resolve their differences.
in the 21st century, your generation must face the challenge of stopping the spread of deadlier nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. in the wrong hands or the wrong places, these weapons can threaten the peace of nations large and small. increasingly, china and the united states agree on the importance of stopping proliferation. that is why we are beginning to act in concert to control the worlds most dangerous weapons.
in the 21st century, your generation will have to reverse the international tide of crime and drugs. around the world, organized crime robs people of billions of dollars every year and undermines trust in government. america knows all about the devastation and despair that drugs can bring to schools and neighborhoods. with borders on more than a dozen countries, china has become a crossroad for smugglers of all kinds.
last year, president jiang and i asked senior chinese and american law enforcement officials to step up our cooperation against these predators, to stop money from being laundered, to stop aliens from being cruelly smuggled, to stop currencies from being undermined by counterfeiting. just this month, our drug enforcement agency opened an office in beijing, and soon chinese counternarcotics experts will be working out of washington.
in the 21st century, your generation must make it your mission to ensure that today's progress does not come at tomorrow's expense. china's remarkable growth in the last two decades has come with a toxic cost, pollutants that foul the water you drink and the air you breathe -- the cost is not only environmental, it is also serious in terms of the health consequences of your people and in terms of the drag on economic growth.
environmental problems are also increasingly global as well as national. for example, in the near future, if present energy use patterns persist, china will overtake the united states as the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the gases which are the principal cause of global warming. if the nations of the world do not reduce the gases which are causing global warming, sometime in the next century there is a serious risk of dramatic changes in climate which will change the way we live and the way we work, which could literally bury some island nations under mountains of water and undermine the economic and social fabric of nations.
we must work together. we americans know from our own experience that it is possible to grow an economy while improving the environment. we must do that together for ourselves and for the world.
building on the work that our vice president, al gore, has done previously with the chinese government, president jiang and i are working together on ways to bring american clean energy technology to help improve air quality and grow the chinese economy at the same time.
but i will say this again -- this is not on my remarks -- your generation must do more about this. this is a huge challenge for you, for the american people and for the future of the world. and it must be addressed at the university level, because political leaders will never be willing to adopt environmental measures if they believe it will lead to large-scale unemployment or more poverty. the evidence is clear that does not have to happen. you will actually have more rapid economic growth and better paying jobs, leading to higher levels of education and technology if we do this in the proper way. but you and the university, communities in china, the united states and throughout the world will have to lead the way. (applause.)
in the 21st century your generation must also lead the challenge of an international financial system that has no respect for national borders. when stock markets fall in hong kong or jakarta, the effects are no longer local; they are global. the vibrant growth of your own economy is tied closely, therefore, to the restoration of stability and growth in the asia pacific region.
china has steadfastly shouldered its responsibilities to the region and the world in this latest financial crisis -- helping to prevent another cycle of dangerous devaluations. we must continue to work together to counter this threat to the global financial system and to the growth and prosperity which should be embracing all of this region.
in the 21st century, your generation will have a remarkable opportunity to bring together the talents of our scientists, doctors, engineers into a shared quest for progress. already the breakthroughs we have achieved in our areas of joint cooperation -- in challenges from dealing with spina bifida to dealing with extreme weather conditions and earthquakes -- have proved what we can do together to change the lives of millions of people in china and the united states and around the world. expanding our cooperation in science and technology can be one of our greatest gifts to the future.
in each of these vital areas that i have mentioned, we can clearly accomplish so much more by walking together rather than standing apart. that is why we should work to see that the productive relationship we now enjoy blossoms into a fuller partnership in the new century.
if that is to happen, it is very important that we understand each other better, that we understand both our common interest and our shared aspirations and our honest differences. i believe the kind of open, direct exchange that president jiang and i had on saturday at our press conference -- which i know many of you watched on television -- can both clarify and narrow our differences, and, more important, by allowing people to understand and debate and discuss these things can give a greater sense of confidence to our people that we can make a better future.
from the windows of the white house, where i live in washington, d.c., the monument to our first president, george washington, dominates the skyline. it is a very tall obelisk. but very near this large monument there is a small stone which contains these words: the united states neither established titles of nobility and royalty, nor created a hereditary system. state affairs are put to the vote of public opinion.
this created a new political situation, unprecedented from ancient times to the present. how wonderful it is. those words were not written by an american. they were written by xu jiyu, governor of fujian province, inscribed as a gift from the government of china to our nation in 1853.
i am very grateful for that gift from china. it goes to the heart of who we are as a people -- the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the freedom to debate, to dissent, to associate, to worship without interference from the state. these are the ideals that were at the core of our founding over 220 years ago. these are the ideas that led us across our continent and onto the world stage. these are the ideals that americans cherish today.
as i said in my press conference with president jiang, we have an ongoing quest ourselves to live up to those ideals. the people who framed our constitution understood that we would never achieve perfection. they said that the mission of america would always be "to form a more perfect union" -- in other words, that we would never be perfect, but we had to keep trying to do better.
the darkest moments in our history have come when we abandoned the effort to do better, when we denied freedom to our people because of their race or their religion, because there were new immigrants or because they held unpopular opinions. the best moments in our history have come when we protected the freedom of people who held unpopular opinion, or extended rights enjoyed by the many to the few who had previously been denied them, making, therefore, the promises of our declaration of independence and constitution more than faded words on old parchment.
today we do not seek to impose our vision on others, but we are convinced that certain rights are universal -- not american rights or european rights or rights for developed nations, but the birthrights of people everywhere, now enshrined in the united nations declaration on human rights -- the right to be treated with dignity; the right to express one's opinions, to choose one's own leaders, to associate freely with others, and to worship, or not, freely, however one chooses.
in the last letter of his life, the author of our declaration of independence and our third president, thomas jefferson, said then that "all eyes are opening to the rights of man." i believe that in this time, at long last, 172 years after jefferson wrote those words, all eyes are opening to the rights of men and women everywhere.
over the past two decades, a rising tide of freedom has lifted the lives of millions around the world, sweeping away failed dictatorial systems in the former soviet union, throughout central europe; ending a vicious cycle of military coups and civil wars in latin america; giving more people in africa the chance to make the most of their hard-won independence. and from the philippines to south korea, from thailand to mongolia, freedom has reached asia's shores, powering a surge of growth and productivity.
economic security also can be an essential element of freedom. it is recognized in the united nations covenant on economic, social, and cultural rights. in china, you have made extraordinary strides in nurturing that liberty, and spreading freedom from want, to be a source of strength to your people. incomes are up, poverty is down; people do have more choices of jobs, and the ability to travel -- the ability to make a better life. but true freedom includes more than economic freedom. in america, we believe it is a concept which is indivisible.
over the past four days, i have seen freedom in many manifestations in china. i have seen the fresh shoots of democracy growing in the villages of your heartland. i have visited a village that chose its own leaders in free elections. i have also seen the cell phones, the video players, the fax machines carrying ideas, information and images from all over the world. i've heard people speak their minds and i have joined people in prayer in the faith of my own choosing. in all these ways i felt a steady breeze of freedom.
the question is, where do we go from here? how do we work together to be on the right side of history together? more than 50 years ago, hu shi, one of your great political thinkers and a teacher at this university, said these words: "now some people say to me you must sacrifice your individual freedom so that the nation may be free. but i reply, the struggle for individual freedom is the struggle for the nation's freedom. the struggle for your own character is the struggle for the nation's character."
we americans believe hu shi was right. we believe and our experience demonstrates that freedom strengthens stability and helps nations to change.
one of our founding fathers, benjamin franklin, once said, "our critics are our friends, for they show us our faults." now, if that is true, there are many days in the united states when the president has more friends than anyone else in america. (laughter.) but it is so.
in the world we live in, this global information age, constant improvement and change is necessary to economic opportunity and to national strength. therefore, the freest possible flow of information, ideas, and opinions, and a greater respect for divergent political and religious convictions will actually breed strength and stability going forward.
it is, therefore, profoundly in your interest, and the world's, that young chinese minds be free to reach the fullness of their potential. that is the message of our time and the mandate of the new century and the new millennium.
i hope china will more fully embrace this mandate. for all the grandeur of your history, i believe your greatest days are still ahead. against great odds in the 20th century china has not only survived, it is moving forward dramatically.
other ancient cultures failed because they failed to change. china has constantly proven the capacity to change and grow. now, you must re-imagine china again for a new century, and your generation must be at the heart of china's regeneration.
the new century is upon us. all our sights are turned toward the future. now your country has known more millennia than the united states has known centuries. today, however, china is as young as any nation on earth. this new century can be the dawn of a new china, proud of your ancient greatness, proud of what you are doing, prouder still of the tomorrows to come. it can be a time when the world again looks to china for the vigor of its culture, the freshness of its thinking, the elevation of human dignity that is apparent in its works. it can be a time when the oldest of nations helps to make a new world.
the united states wants to work with you to make that time a reality.
thank you very much. (applause.)
美国克林顿总统在北京大学的演讲稿
大学生演讲稿范文：我对大学的“诠释”
尊敬的各位老师，同学们：大家好！
很高兴今天能给我这样一个机会站在这里，来表达我内心对大学的那份感情，对学生会的那份憧憬。大学，一个丰富多采彩的世界。酸甜苦辣都是大学的经纬点。大学如酒，或芳香，或馥郁，因为激情，它变得醇厚。大学如歌，或高昂，或低沉，因为憧憬，它变得悦耳。大学如画，或明亮，或暗淡，因为诚挚，它变得美丽。
社会学老师在开学的第一堂课问我们：为什么要读大学？如何度过大学时光？对于刚刚迈进大学校园的我们，对一切都很陌生，很懵懂。关于为什么要读大学，我要说，这是我们步入社会的起点，也是我们成就事业的基础阶段。关于如何度过大学时光，我要说，我会在老师的指导和帮助下，客观分析自身条件、科学确定职业发展目标、有序的安排校园生活、坦诚与人交流沟通、不断完善学习与生活方法，让大学时光充实而不忙乱、紧张而不压抑、自由而不失控、多彩而不偏激。
有人说，大学在某种意义上说是高中的延伸，还要继续高中时代拼命苦学的日子；也有人说，跨进大学在某种程度上说前途和事业有了保障，放任自我，虚度光阴，浪费了青春，消磨了意志，迷失了自我。我认为，大学是一幅空白画卷，大学生活像是块调色板，你可以妙手丹青，可以信手涂鸦，更可以用智慧和热情描绘属于自己的七彩青春。无论这幅画卷是青春激扬，个性张扬，自我飞扬，还是提笔书写的坚强乐观，自立积极，独立向上，当时光飞逝四年离去时，我们将收获各自的风采和人生最关键的画卷。
大学是自主的美好。这是因为，进入大学终于放下高考的重压，第一次自由的追逐自己的理想和兴趣；第一次离开家庭生活，独立参加社团和社会活动；第一次不再枯燥学习知识，有机会边学习边亲身实践；第一次不再有父母安排生活和学习的一切事物，而有足够的时间和精力支配自己的生活。
大学是沉淀的文化。这是因为，大学是专门熏陶和完善个人的修养，增进和系统个人的智慧，发掘和拓展个人的潜能。我要在不断精化专业知识的基础上锻炼自己的创造力，积极开发自我的创新能力，不断实践和证实理论知识，积极锻炼自我自学能力的同时，还要不断提高个人的修养和才能，创建和谐的师生关系，懂得与人真诚交往，努力提高为人处事的能力。
大学是培养的园地。这是因为，大学有可能是人生最后一次系统性地接受教育，也是最后一次建立你的知识基础，也是最后一次将大量时间用于学习的人生阶段，也可能是最后一次可以拥有较高的可塑性，集中精力充实自我的成长历程。所以，我必须培养自己的自学能力。在学习上，不应在老师后亦步亦趋，应该主动走在老师的前面。做到课前认真把课本相关知识琢磨清楚，课中弥补自己对知识的认识和不足，课下，充分利用图书馆和网络，培养独立学习和研究的本能，为以后工作和进一步深造做好基础。
大学是锻炼的起点。这是因为，大学里有学生会、团委、各种社团等开拓的舞台。能够进入学生会是我莫大的荣幸，我怀着挑战的心态参加面试，怀着焦急的心态等待结果，现在，怀着感恩的心态想要在这里留下我的痕迹。我会从点点滴滴做起，真真正正的融入学生会大家庭。在这里，我要学习的还有很多，但我会从零开始，迅速地使自己成长起来。
我的演讲完毕，谢谢大家！
美驻华大使在北京大学的英语演讲稿
it’s interesting to note because when you put u.s.-china relations in proper context in history, it reads like a roller coaster. caleb cushing was sent over here by john tyler because there was great concern that the british were getting way too much out of their trading relationship with china.有趣的是，当你把美中关系放到适当的历史背景中观察的话，就会发现它像一辆过山车。约翰∙泰勒把凯莱布∙顾圣派到这里来，是因为英国从与中国的贸易关系中所得甚多，引起了美国的极大关切。
you’ll remember the first opium war, right? 1837 to 1842. 1842 resulted in the treaty of nanjing which opened up several important ports – xiamen, fuzhou, ningbo, shanghai, and one old canton port. trade facilitation was achieved. they lowered tariffs and they also dealt with hong kong, as you will recall, which later was dealt with a little differently. it was an open-ended agreement in 1842 and it later became quite specific, a 99 year lease in, i think, 1897 or 1898.
你们会记得第一次鸦片战争，是不是?从1837年到1842年。1842年战争结束时签订了《南京条约》，开放若干重要口岸——厦门、福州、宁波、上海和旧称canton的广州港。促进贸易的目的达到了。条约规定降低关税，你们还会记得，还涉及香港问题，后来的处理方式有些不同。1842年时，这是一项没有期限的协议，后来，我想是在1897年或1898年加以具体化，即规定了99年的租期。
the u.s. was very concerned about this agreement between the uk and china, which resulted after the first opium war. president tyler sent over caleb cushing, my colleague a long time ago, and he negotiated another treaty called the treaty of wangxia, which essentially gave the united states more of a level playing field with the uk. it similarly opened up a lot of ports forcommerce and for trade facilitation, but it also achieved a sense of extraterritoriality, the first ever, which meant that american citizens would be treated under u.s. law if they found themselves in trouble in china, which was quite unique and novel in those days, back when ambassadors and consuls general had enormous power over setting both trade policy for the united states, so on and so forth.
美国对英中之间作为第一次鸦片战争结果签订的这项协议非常关切。泰勒总统派来一个人，担任我现在的职务，他通过谈判与中国签订了被称作《望厦条约》的另一项条约，实质上给予美国更多的与英国平等竞争的条件。如同《南京条约》那样，《望厦条约》也开放了很多通商口岸，方便了贸易活动，而且还有史以来首次授予某种治外法权，也就是说，如果美国公民在中国与他国国民发生纷争，他们将根据美国法律得到处理，这在当时是一种非常独特和新奇的情况，当时，驻外大使和总领事对确定美国的贸易政策等等握有巨大的权力。
so the roller coaster ride continued up and down.
这样，过山车继续上下飞转。
now we sit with a large complicated relationship that is multi-faceted, that covers virtually every foreign policy issue imaginable, and one that my president, barack obama, has asked to be handled in a positive, collaborative and comprehensive fashion.
现在我们面对着一个巨大复杂的多层面关系，基本上涵盖了外交政策上可以想到的每一个问题。奥巴马总统要求我们以积极、合作和全面的方式进行处理。
[at a meeting in the oval office of the white house, president obama] began to lay out his vision of the u.s.-china relationship, which he described as being something that he wanted to see as positive, collaborative and comprehensive, for reasons that we discussed thereafter. he said i think the headline issues really need to be the global economy, climate change and clean energy, and regional security, because those are the issues that affect not just the two countries, not just the region, but also the world, and we are the only two countries today that together can solve these issues. no one else can. i said, mr. president, i think we can do that. i think we can achieve that in our relationship. it won’t be easy. we’ll have our ups and our downs, the roller coaster like i described earlier, but i think that’s achievable.
[在白宫椭圆形办公室的一次会议上奥巴马总统] 开始描述他对于美中关系前景的规划，他说他想看到的是一种积极、合作和全面的关系，其理由我们将在下面讨论。他说最主要的问题必定是全球经济、气候变化、清洁能源，以及地区性安全，因为那些问题不仅影响美中两国及地区，而且影响全世界。此外，我们是当今唯一能合力解决这些问题的两个国家。没有任何其他国家能够做到。我说，总统先生，我想我们能够做到。我相信我们能够通过两国关系实现这个目标。那不会很容易，我们将碰到波折起伏，就像我先前形容过的过山车一样，但是我相信目标是能够实现的。
so when president obama stepped off his plane in shanghai just a few days ago in a verydriving and cold rain – i was standing out on the tarmac and my shoes became waterlogged pretty quickly, and i didn’t take an extra pair of shoes, so i was quite cold that night – he arrived and found what he had hoped for, i believe: a relationship that by and large is entering a period where our focus will be more and more on global issues that the two of us increasingly can problem solve around. he also landed to find that despite our differences, and we have our differences, we are moving in a direction that is positive, collaborative, and comprehensive.
于是当奥巴马总统几天之前冒着寒冷的倾盆大雨在上海走下飞机的时候——我站在露天停机坪上，我的鞋很快就灌满了水，我也没有带替换的鞋子。那天晚上真是冷极了——我觉得他在抵达后看到了他希望看到的：一种整体而言正在进入一个新阶段的关系，在这个阶段上我们的重点越来越集中在全球问题上。我们双方越来越能共同解决种种问题。他抵达之后也发现，尽管我们有分歧，我们确有分歧，但我们正在朝着一个积极、合作、全面的方向前进。
now while the president was here – i just want to add by giving you a sense of what was left behind – he talked more about the pacific ocean as something that no longer divides us, but something that we are bound by, and that the u.s.-china relationship should work in a way that meets our challenges, knowing full well that no one nation alone can meet the multiple challenges of the 21st century.
总统在这里访问期间——我只想向你们补充说明一下其后的影响——他更多地谈到太平洋不再是将我们分割开来的屏障，而是将我们联系在一起的纽带，美中关系应当在迎接共同挑战的道路上发展，要明确认识到没有一国能独自迎接21世纪的重重挑战。
i would encourage all of you to take a look at the nine pages of detail that were part of the joint statement that was hammered out between both sides in the many days leading up to the visit. in it you will find key areas, which are the focus of cooperation, including global economic recovery; regional crises in iran, korea, afghanistan and pakistan; non-proliferation; climate change and energy – four sections. read through it sometime if you really want to get an update on where this relationship is going.
我建议在座各位都读一读那份九页长的内容详尽的联合声明，我们双方在此次访问前经过长时间磋商才达成这份联合声明。你们在声明中会看到作为合作重点的关键领域，其中包括全球经济复苏;伊朗、北韩、阿富汗及巴基斯坦等地区危机;核不扩散;气候变化及能源等四个领域。如果你们的确想了解这一关系走向的最新动态，有时间的话不妨阅读全文。
we’ll have an opportunity in just a few short months to convene the next round of the strategic and economic dialogue right here in beijing, which will allow us again to get a check on the relationship to see how things are going, based upon having achieved a positive atmosphere that’s important to begin implementing and executing other things that together we can do.
几个月后，我们将有机会在北京举行下一轮战略与经济对话，届时可以评估这一关系，看看进展如何，而目前已出现积极气氛，这对开始履行和实施其他我们能够共同实现的目标意义重大。
so part of [president obama's] visit resulted in a few important things that i’m going to point out. first, military to military exchanges, something that we haven’t seen much of for over a year now. the increase in officers going back and forth; the increase in search and rescue operations; the ability for junior officers to engage in important exchanges; and for us to communicate more openly about our intentions, promoting transparency, which is mighty important between our two countries today.
因此，我要说明[奥巴马总统的]此次访问所取得的几项重要成果。首先是军队间的相互交流，这是我们一年来见得不多的情况。军官往来增多;搜救行动增加;下级军官能够参与重要的交往;我们就我们的意图更加公开地进行交流，提高透明度，这在今天对于我们两国非常重要。
second, facilitating a bilateral mechanism for people-to-people and cultural exchanges, which is what many of you are part of. now i can think of few things more important than this onebecause if we’re really going to take the u.s.-china relationship seriously, you have to ensure that the next generation coming up is given the opportunities to study and to engage in exchanges, to learn languages, and to have a better opportunity to investigate a system that is foreign to americans and our system which is very foreign to chinese students here. so by getting 100,000 more u.s. students [to china] over the next four years – this won’t be easy, to be sure, but it’s doable – i think it could be one of the more important lasting legacies of this year in u.s.-china relations.
第二，增进人民及文化交往的双边机制，而我们许多人正是这种交往的一部分。我能想到的比这更重要的事情实在不多，因为，如果我们确实认真对待美中两国关系的话，就必须确保下一代人有研习、参加交流和学语言的机会，有更多的机会考察了解对美国人来说陌生的制度，以及对这里的中国学生来说非常陌生的美国制度。因此，通过在今后四年再[向中国]输送100,000 名美国学生——这肯定不容易，但可以做到——我想，这会是今年在美中关系史上留下的较为重要的长期贡献之一。
third, on climate change, we may have some differences on how hard and how fast certaincommitments play out over the short term, but both sides recognize the importance of dramatically reducing carbon emissions by mid-century and finding new energy conservation measures. the danish proposal was always discussed, having been put forward by prime minister rasmussen, that includes a peer review feature that we feel is very important.
第三，在气候变化问题上，我们可能对具体承诺在短期内产生效果的强度和速度存在一些分歧，但是双方都认识到要在本世纪中期大幅度降低碳排放并找到能源保护新措施的重要性。由丹麦首相拉斯穆森提出的方案一直都在讨论之中，我们认为其中包括的同行评议环节非常重要。
fourth, clean energy. aside from the u.s.-china clean energy research centers, which have been written about and talked about for some weeks now, there were several new initiatives in the areas of electric vehicles and clean building energy efficiency.
第四，清洁能源。除了过去几周来广受议论与报道的美中清洁能源研究中心之外，在电动车和清洁建筑能效方面还有几项新举措。
people just stumble over these things. just take that one area, for example. clean building energy efficiency. when you stop to consider that china over the next ten years will be building more in the way of commercial office space than we have in our total inventory in the united states, you get some sense of how important this is and what an important contribution it could be if done right to global emissions over the next many years. we’re also going to promote an energy partnership on shale gas resources as well as work to promote technologies and cooperation on large-scale carbon gas sequestration projects.
这都是生活中常见的。仅以其中的清洁建筑能效为例：当你停下来思考一下，中国在未来十年将兴建的商业办公设施会超过我们在美国的这类设施的总面积，就知道这个方面有多重要，如果做法得当，中国在未来多年将为减少全球排放量作出多么重要的贡献。我们也会提倡页岩气资源的能源合作关系，并致力于推动大规模碳封存项目的技术与合作。
fifth, on nuclear proliferation, we’re going to pursue ratification of the comprehensive test ban treaty; negotiations are going to be launched on the fissile material cutoff treaty; and china has agreed to actively participate in preparation for the april XX nuclear safety summit.
第五，就核武器扩散而言，我们将致力于促使《全面禁止核试验条约》获得批准;并将就《裂变材料禁产条约》展开谈判;中国也已同意积极参与定于XX年4月举行的核安全峰会的筹备工作。
sixth, on the global economic crisis, the two presidents were quite outspoken that what has emerged from this crisis and our joint cooperation was essential in weathering the early storms. much of what both countries did was not public or visible in the early days of the crisis, but we did end up with good stimulus packages, reassured the markets, and stabilized bonded credit systems.
第六，关于全球经济危机，两国首脑都对这场危机的后果直言不讳，并阐明了双方的合作对于挺过早期风暴至关重要。两国采取的行动在危机初期大多没有公开或并不醒目，但是我们确实推出了良好的刺激方案，重建了市场信心，并稳定了抵押信贷系统。
but we need to keep in mind that the new global economic order that emerges in the aftermath of the crisis that we are experiencing will look very different from the one that preceded it, which means recognizing the limits of depending primarily on american consumers and asian exports to drive growth.
但我们应当谨记，在这场我们尚未走出的危机的影响下形成的全球经济新秩序将与原有秩序完全不同，我们必须认识到主要依赖美国消费者和亚洲的出口产品来刺激增长的局限性。
the new strategy of balanced economic growth in america means more saving and lessspending; reforming our financial system; reducing our long term deficit; exporting more; and in the process, creating more and better paying jobs and committing to an open market all the while.
美国实现平衡经济增长的新战略意味着增加储蓄并减少开支;改革美国的金融体系;减少我们的长期赤;增加出口;在这个过程中创造更多薪酬更高的就业机会并始终保持市场开放。
in china, the new strategy of economic growth means higher standards of living for workers and consumers through greater choice in the market place, improved infrastructure, a modern financial structure, better housing, quality health care, and a more fully developed social safety net that premier wen jiabao mentioned just the other day as being critically important to the economic transition that is now underway.
在中国，实现经济增长的新战略意味着提高劳动者与消费者的生活水平，具体途径是在市场中增加选择机会，使各种基础设施得到改善，使金融结构现代化，改善住房条件，提供高质量的医疗服务以及xx总理在前一天刚提到的一个更加全面发展的社会保障网，他认为这个社会保障网对于现在正在实行的经济转型至关重要。
there is every reason to think that on china will succeed, and that its extraordinary record of accomplishment over the last 30 years can be sustained. and there is every reason to think america will once again regain its preeminent role as an american powerhouse. you see, we are a nation that responds well to adversity. i think we’re going to look back on the last few years as a period that allowed us to change course and to look anew at our priorities in the future.
我们完全有理由相信中国将会成功，中国近30年来创造的非凡业绩将会保持下去。我们也完全有理由相信，美国将再次赢得美利坚强国的卓越地位。你们知道， 我们是一个善于迎逆境而起的国家。我想我们将来回顾这几年时，会把这段时间视为促使我们改变方针、从新的角度审视我们今后各项重点的时期。
对大学的认识（思修演讲稿）
高中时期大学是充满好奇,令人向往的.而来到浙大,初次经历了一个月的学习与生活,我渐渐地发现大学并不是一个可以疯玩,轻松自在的.大学是一个新的开始,你可以努力学习,也可以从此堕落.态度决定一切,在我认为大学应该像高中一样充实,而学习到更全面的知识与能力.大学时期是一个人最关键的时期,你能为自己的梦想而努力奋斗,你能离开父母独自生活,你能参加各种社团培养自己的领导力与组织能力,你能学习自己爱好的各种课程,你能自主分配时间从而达到效率的最大化.大学就像一个小社会,我们再获取知识的同时,更要注重能力于品德的培养,并提高自身的自学能力及再社会中生存的能力.
作为一名学生,学习当然非常重要,但大学的学习方式与高中有很大的不同,自主性非常强,课程是自己选的,学习时间是自己分配的,当然课程的难度也随之增加,在这一个月的学习中,我对微积分和线性代数已经有点害怕了,若是上课前不提早预习,老师的讲课我将很难跟上,这样课堂学习的效率就大大降低了.其实大学的所有课程都是一样的,不再是老师带着你走到底,而仅是给们开了个门,深入的学习与思考需我们在课后的自主学习时间多下功夫.此外,大学的主要目的是拓宽我们的知识面,不仅仅是学习好专业知识就够了.我们还应该学会利用学校为我们提供的丰富资源.比如说图书馆,那里有很多藏书,我们应该好好利用它提高自己.浙江大学的通识教育是十分必要的,在这个高速发展的社会中,狭隘的知识面会给人很大的束缚,因此对于我这个工科生,多学习人文方面知识也是非常必要的.
已经说过大学是一个小社会，在这里我们要将各方面的能力加以提升，同时注重自身品德的修养，这是为将来走向社会打好基础。平时不能光埋头读书，参加各项志愿者活动以及社团活动，在其中我们能得到在真实社会中的工作经历而犯错误所需承担的代价却远比社会上低，大学是一个难得的锻炼的机会，千万不能在无所事事或死读书中错过。尽管有些工作我们完成有难度，我们不要轻言放弃，寻求他人帮助并勇敢面对，积极从中学习，也许我们以后的工作中就能用到了。刚来大学我感觉到大学的人更分散了，班主任，辅导员，行政班的同学都不经常碰头，一起上课的同学也是偶尔遇到，这与以前同班同学热热闹闹生活的状况有天壤之别，可能自己熟悉的也就高中一起来的和同寝室的了。但这也正是考验我们的人际交往能力，多主动与人交流是你会发现其实大家都很热情，同时你自己也增长了不少见识，做一个闷葫芦是很难拓宽自己的人际圈的。
总而言之,大学是自由的,不同的态度决定不同的大学生活,我将用热情与勤奋过一个充实而又意义的4年.
