一、结构清楚，逻辑明晰
由于公共演讲一般受众为数十人甚至数百、数千人，再加上演讲环境的不确定性(比如：观众的欢呼，或者抱怨)，最好在进入主题后马上给出所讲内容的逻辑框架，以便听众更好的预判整个演讲内容，有利于他们更好地跟随演讲者的思路，达到良好的演讲效果。比如，乔布斯在该次演讲中，开篇稍微寒暄开篇之后，就进入正题，“Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.”学生们马上能做出逻辑预判，我们今天会听到乔布斯谈三点，然后具体关注是哪三点，这种演讲就具备了“audience-centeredness”(以观众为中心)的特质。乔布斯在随后的演讲中明确提到，“The first story is about connecting the dots. My second story is about love and loss. My third story is about death.”由于这种明晰的思路，听众在听完之后也会记忆犹新，不会觉得头脑混乱，毫无所得。
当然，演讲稿的逻辑安排有多种方式，乔布斯的这篇演讲是按照topical order(话题顺序)和chronological order(时间顺序)来安排的。除此之外, 还有 spatial order(空间顺序), problem-solutution order(提问解决顺序)等等。大家可以根据不同的演讲内容来安排自己演讲稿的逻辑顺序和结构。
二、开篇出彩，结尾有道
演讲稿的开篇和结尾往往需要花费大量的功夫去设计，这往往是精彩演讲的亮点所在。因此，在写作时，需要结合受众、场合和演讲内容等，争取一开始就紧紧抓住听众的注意力和兴趣所在，结尾时，尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。下面，我将给大家具体分析基本的开篇和结尾模式，供大家以后写作参考。
开篇的目的是要吸引听众，乔布斯在该篇演讲稿中使用的是“relate the topic to the audience"(关联话题与听众)的方式，这是一种比较有效的方法，人们一般对自己的事情都很关注，和自己相关的事情也会格外留意，乔布斯在开篇说到，“I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, I never graduated from college. This is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度赞美斯坦福大学是最好的大学之一，就是在与听众发生关联，让大家产生好感，当然老乔还用了适当的幽默，更好地融洽了与听众的关系，“简洁、有效”本就是乔布斯的演讲风格。除此之外，还有其他的一些开篇方式，我们也需要了解和掌握。 1. State the importance of your topic(指出演讲话题的重要性)。直接告诉听众，你的演讲重要在哪里。比如：今天要做的是一场“英语演讲的艺术”的演讲，那开始就直接指出，该演讲对于大家今后的学习工作将会有重大的帮助，甚至给出一些数据和实例，让听众明白不听这个演讲将会是我的损失。这样，听众就会很乐意投入到该次演讲中去。2. Startle the audience (使听众震惊)。例如：要做一场关于“生活方式与疾病”的演讲，开篇就可以给出一组极具冲击力的数据，让听众看到生活方式的不健康将会是多么可怕的事情，这样的震惊使听众能够快速调整状态，投入到听演讲中去。3. Arouse the curiosity of the audience(引起听众的好奇心)4. Question the audience(向观众提问)。5. Begin with a quotation(以引用开篇)。6. Tell a story (以故事开篇)。这些基本开篇的方式被无数的演讲证明是实用而且有效的。
结尾往往可以起到“画龙点睛”的作用，开篇正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度都会大打折扣。那么如何做到“结尾有道”呢?首先，我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“end with a quotation”，达到的效果是特别引人深思。他在结尾说道，“Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”他不仅在结尾引用这句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴，虚怀若谷)，而且重复三遍，强化听众的印象，这句话也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的“精髓”。
在结尾时，可以用结束信号词让听众明白你要准备结尾了，不要让演讲结束得太突兀，比如，“In conclusion", "Let me end my speech by saying...", "I'd like to close my speech this way."等。具体的结尾方式很多，常见的有：1. Summarize your speech(总结演讲)。2. Make a dramatic statement(强有力的陈述)，这个不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的沉淀和呐喊，非常经典的演讲是Patrick Henry's legendary "Liberty or Death" oration. 他在结尾时说道，"Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for mw, give me liberty, or give me death." 3. refer to the introduction(首尾呼应)。这是体现演讲内在统一的很经典的形式，值得借鉴。
三、观点阐释，有效支撑
毫无疑问，主体段的信息量最大，写作量也是最大，如何更清晰地阐释演讲者的观点，有效支撑分论点，是写作时应该把握的关键。在明晰了写作逻辑之后，就要围绕这些逻辑要点来展开论证。乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲中，逻辑要点有三：1. The first story is about connecting the dots. 2. My second story is about love and loss. 3. My third story is about death. 他在阐释中主要运用了以下手段。首先，举例子。文中用了大量的例子来说明他怎么对待学习、工作和死亡，比如他说起自己决定辍学然后旁听有意思的课程，这些课当时对他没什么实质的帮助，但是十年后在当他设计第一款Macintosh 电脑的时候，这些东西全派上了用场，这个例子充分说明了他要讲的第一个要点-- 串起生命中的点滴。在随后的文中，乔布斯大量地讲述了他事业生活中的例子，让听众感受到真实的力量和鼓舞。其次，引用。他除了在文章最后用到了引用，文中也不乏引用的痕迹，比如在讲到死亡时，他引用了一句格言，“If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right.”这句话能表明他对于死亡的态度。恰到好处的引用往往能使听众印象深刻。第三， 数据。在讲第二个故事--关于爱和失去时，乔布斯用到了一系列数据来支撑观点。他说自己是幸运的，因为，“Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.”数据很直观，能让听众有直接的认识和理解。
除了以上提到的主体段展开方式，还有一些常用的手段，比如：testimony(引证)，可以用专家的观点增强演讲的信度，也可以用普通人的一手经验证明自己的观点。另外，大家还需要了解的是，举例分为简短的例子，具体深入的例子和假想的例子;数据包括单一数据，组合数据等等。
范文
Man’s life is a process of growing up, actually I’m standing here is a growth. If a person’s life must constituted by various choices, then I grow up along with these choices. Once I hope I can study in a college in future, however that’s passed, as you know I come here, now I wonder what the future holds for (= what will happen to) me.
When I come to this school, I told to myself: this my near future, all starts here. Following I will learn to become a man, a integrated man, who has a fine body, can take on important task, has independent thought, an open mind, intensive thought, has the ability to judge right and wrong, has a perfect job.
Once my teacher said :” you are not sewing, you are stylist; never forget which you should lay out to people is your thought, not craft.” I will put my personality with my interest and ability into my study, during these process I will combine learning with doing. If I can achieve this “future”, I think that I really grow up. And I deeply believe kindred, good-fellowship and love will perfection and happy in the future.
How to say future? Maybe it’s a nice wish. Lets make up our minds, stick to it and surely well enjoy our life.
中文翻译：人的一生是一个成长的过程，事实上，我现在站在这里也是一次成长。如果一个人的一生必须面临不同的选择，那我长大伴随着这些选择。有一次，我希望我能在将来在大学，然而那是过去了，因为你知道我来这里，现在我不知道将来如何为(=会发生什么)我。
当我来到这所学校，我告诉我自己：我不久的将来都从这里开始。以下我将学习如何成为一个男人，一个正直的人，谁拥有一个健康的体魄，能承担重要的任务，能独立思考，思想开放，心思缜密，有判断是非，有一个完美的工作能力。
我的老师曾经说：“你是不是缝纫，你是设计师;永远不要忘记你所能展示给人们是你的思想，不是你的手艺。“我会将我的性格，兴趣和能力，成为我的研究，在这过程中，我将结合学习与做。如果我能实现这个“未来”，我觉得我真的长大了。我深信我的亲人，好友情，爱情将会完善和快乐的未来。
怎么说未来呢?也许这是一个美好的愿望。让我们下定决心，坚持到底，那真正的享受我们的生活。
